Timeline of Western Philosophy
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
The PreSocratics:
Ionian: Thales, Anaximander, Diogenes of Apollonia, Anaximenes, Heraclitus
Pythagoras
Eleatic: Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno
Pluralists: Empedocles, Anaxagoras
Atomists: Leucippus, Democritus
Sophists: Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, Prodicus
Socrates and Followers
Megarians: Euclides Stilpo
Cynics: Antisthenes Diogenes of Sinope
Cyreanics: Aristippus
Plato and Followers
Academy: Carneades
Aristotle and Followers
Peripatetics: Theophrastus
The Hellenistic Philosophy
Epicureanism: Epicurus, Lucretius Diogenes Laertius
Stoicism: Cleanthes, Chrysippus, Epictetus
Skepticism: Pyrrho, Timon, Aenesidemus
Eclecticism
Roman Philosophy: Cicero, Neo-Platonism, Plotinus
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Early Middle Ages: Origen, Augustine
High Middle Ages: Anselm, Lombard, Aquinas, Scotus
Late Middle Ages: Eckhart, Ockham
RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Humanism: Pico, More, Erasmus
Reformation: Luther, Calvin
Scientific Revolution: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Bacon, Newton
Skeptics and Fideists: Montaigne, Gassendi, Bayle, Pascal
MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Continental Rationalism: Descartes Spinoza, Malebranche, Leibniz
British Empiricism: John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume
Deism: English Deism, French Deism, Herbert of Cherbury, Bolingbroke, Pain
French Enlightenment: Encyclopedists, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Helvetius
Natural Theology: Paley
Modern Political Philosophy: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Pufendorf, Mandeville, Rousseau,
Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, Burke, Godwin
Modern Moral Philosophy: Clarke, Cudworth, Cumberland, Shaftesbury, Butler,
Hutcheson, Price, Bentham,
Scottish Common Sense: Kames, Reid, Beattie, Oswald, Stewart, Brown, Abercombie
Kant
19TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY
German Idealism: Hegel, Jacobi, Schopenhauer, Von Hartmann, J.G. Fichte, I.H. Fichte,
Lotze
English Idealism: Hamilton, Caird, Sterling, Hodgson, Ferrier, Stephen, Bradley
American Idealism: St. Louis Hegelians
Evolutionists: Huxley
Late European: Nietzsche, Marx, Kierkegaard, J.S. Mill
20TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY
Early American Philosophy: Peirce, James, Dewey
Early Analytic Philosophy: Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Moore, Reichenbach, Carnap,
Hempel, Logical Positivism, Berlin Circle, Vienna Circle
Russian Philosophy: Bakhtin, Solovyov, Shpet
Continental Philosophy, Phenomenology, Existentialism: Husserl, Freud, Heidegger,
Sartre, Camus
Recent Moral and Political Philosophy: Ross, Toulmin, K. Baier, Rawls, Nozick
Recent Metaphysics and Epistemology: Quine, Ryle, Kripke, Putnam, Davidson
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